Tengchong, often referred to as “Nine Mountains Without Heads,” is renowned for its volcanic landscape, featuring a total of 97 volcanoes, including both extinct and dormant ones. The most convenient place to appreciate Tengchong’s volcanic wonders is the Tengchong Volcano Park, located in Mazhan Township. Spanning over 100 square kilometers, this park is home to more than 70 volcanoes, each resembling an inverted iron pot.
The park is centered around two significant volcanoes, Dakong and Xiaokong Mountains, and encompasses the entire volcanic group along with nearby attractions like the Columnar Jointing and Heiyu River Scenic Area. The unique geological structures in this region have resulted in remarkable volcanic landforms, including volcanic cones, lava caves, and columnar joints. The scale and integrity of these formations are unparalleled in China, making it a must-visit destination for those interested in geology and natural beauty.
Travel Information about Tengchong Volcanic Field
Tengchong Volcanic Field Visitor Information
Tickets and Opening Hours
Ticket Prices:
- Volcanic Geology Park: ¥35
- Hot Air Balloon Ride (available before 11:00 AM): ¥280 per person for approximately 20 minutes
- Beihai Wetland: ¥55
Opening Hours: 8:00 AM – 8:00 PM
Best Time to Visit
Tengchong enjoys a mild climate year-round, but the best time to visit is from mid to late April. During this period, the natural scenery is particularly beautiful, with less rainfall, making it ideal for travel.
Access to the Scenic Area
Location: Tengchong City, Mazhan Township; Beihai Wetland is in Damuxiang.
Transportation:
- By Air: Tengchong Tuofeng Airport is located about 10 kilometers from downtown Tengchong and offers round-trip flights from cities such as Beijing, Chengdu, and Kunming.
- By Bus: There are sleeper buses from Kunming directly to Tengchong, covering a distance of 770 kilometers. Multiple bus stations near Kunming Railway Station provide options for travelers.
Attraction Ratings
- Cultural Significance: ★★
- Unique Features: ★★★
- Recreational Opportunities: ★★★
- Natural Beauty: ★★★★
- Romantic Atmosphere: ★★★
- Adventurous Activities: ★★★
Highlights of Tengchong Volcanic Field
Dakong and Xiaokong Mountains
Upon entering the scenic area, visitors will find the Volcanic Geological Museum to the right. In front are three parallel volcanoes: Heikong Mountain (Black Empty Mountain), Dakong Mountain (Large Empty Mountain), and Xiaokong Mountain (Small Empty Mountain). Guests can explore both Dakong Mountain and Xiaokong Mountain.
The pathway leading to Dakong Mountain is lined with black volcanic rocks, creating a unique atmosphere. A steep staircase ascends from the base to the summit of Dakong Mountain, offering a rewarding climb.
No visit to the volcanic park is complete without ascending Xiaokong Mountain, which stands at an elevation of 1,937 meters with a relative height difference of 40 meters. The diameter of the crater at the top is approximately 200 meters, while the base measures about 60 meters. It only takes about ten minutes to walk to the summit, and visitors can descend into the large crater for a closer look.
Near the volcanic crater, various volcanic rocks can be found in shades of gray, red, and black. However, the park prohibits visitors from taking volcanic stones. For those who wish to have a keepsake, polished volcanic stones are available for purchase at souvenir stands outside the park.
Columnar Jointing
Just a 20-minute drive from the entrance of the Volcanic Park, visitors will arrive at the Columnar Jointing located in Qushi Township. This remarkable site spans approximately 2 square kilometers and was formed 40,000 years ago. It is recognized as the largest, most well-preserved, and youngest columnar jointing discovered in China, affectionately referred to by locals as the “Divine Pillar.”
Columnar jointing refers to the vertical joints found in basaltic lava, predominantly shaped like polygons, usually in four or six sides. When volcanic magma erupts at temperatures reaching 1,200°C, and then cools down to between 800°C and 900°C, crystallization occurs, resulting in the formation of these distinct columns.
The columns resemble a master craftsman’s chiseling, yet they are entirely a natural phenomenon, evoking admiration for the wonders of nature.
Heiyu River
A 30-minute walk from the Columnar Jointing will lead you to Heiyu River (Black Fish River). This intriguing waterway is an underground river formed as a result of volcanic activity in Tengchong. The flow of lava blocked underground rivers, causing groundwater to surface and create this unique river.
The waters of Heiyu River are crystal clear year-round, showcasing two distinctive streams. One stream flows into the Longchuan River, while the other forms a gentle spring pool.
The river gets its name from the thousands of small black fish that emerge from the water outlet during the summer and autumn months. These fish feed on tiny insects in the underground river and have a notably elongated, black body. Once they exit the cave and bask in sunlight with abundant food, they quickly become plump and short, adding a charming touch to the scenery.
Beihai Wetland
Just a short drive from the Heiyu River scenic area, you will arrive at the Beihai Wetland. This wetland reserve is uniquely situated amidst mountains and consists of two adjacent natural lakes: Qinghai Lake and Beihai Lake.
The surface of Beihai Wetland is covered by thick mats of grass reaching up to 1 meter in depth. Walking on this spongy ground can feel a bit disconcerting, as it sways beneath your feet. The most stunning views occur in late April, when the Beihai orchids bloom in abundance, creating a breathtaking landscape. In the autumn, the air is filled with the refreshing scent of grass, and the sounds of wild ducks echo through the reeds, enhancing the tranquil atmosphere. Boating on the lake feels akin to drifting across a vast grassland, with the added charm of being on a floating “prairie.”
When visiting Beihai Wetland, it’s advisable to wear flip-flops, shorts, and bring a towel. This way, you can fully enjoy the experience of walking through the grassy marshes without worrying about wet pants or shoes. Additionally, rain boots can be rented on-site for around 5 yuan.
Visitor Guide for Tengchong Volcanic Field
Accommodation Options
In Tengchong, visitors have two main accommodation options. Those who prefer the charm of ancient towns can stay in Heshun Ancient Town, which is conveniently located near the city center. Staying in the city also has its advantages, as it provides easy access to public transportation for exploring the surrounding areas.
Tengchong Beret International Youth Hostel (腾冲贝雷帽国际青年旅舍): Located near the volcanic community in Tengyue Town, this hostel offers good facilities, is clean and tidy, and provides Wi-Fi in the rooms.
Tengchong Yajule Original Country Inn (腾冲雅居乐原乡客栈): This inn is situated close to the volcanic area, Heiyu River scenic area, and Beihai Wetland. It also features beautiful surroundings, making it perfect for those who enjoy a quiet atmosphere.
Ginkgo Village Dudu Inn (银杏村嘟嘟客栈): The courtyard features several large ginkgo trees, creating a beautiful and warm ambiance. The rooms are well-equipped and maintain a high standard of cleanliness.
Cuisine Recommendations
Tengchong’s cuisine is distinct within Yunnan, showcasing a unique flavor profile that differs significantly from typical Yunnan dishes. It is characterized by being rich but not greasy, with a balanced acidity and spiciness, resulting in delicious and refreshing flavors. The local home-style dishes are predominantly sour and spicy, featuring various seasonal ingredients. The most famous dishes include er si (饵丝, rice noodles) and da jiu jia (大救驾, a traditional local dish), which can be found in most restaurants in Tengchong.
Authentic Tengping Copper Pot Beef – Tengchong Flagship Store (正宗腾品铜瓢牛肉 · 腾冲总店): This restaurant specializes in beef hot pot cooked in a copper pot. Known for its flavorful taste and quality meat, it offers an authentic experience. In addition to the must-try copper pot beef, you can also sample their delicious beef skewers.
Tengyuehui – Garden Private Kitchen (腾越荟 · 花园私厨): Located in the old villa area of Century City, this establishment features impressive landscape design, making it a true garden-style private kitchen. Recommended dishes include Heshun Eight Treasures Rice (和顺八宝饭) and Lard Egg Yolk Puff (猪油蛋黄酥).